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IO::Compress::Gzip(3)          User Contributed Perl Documentation          IO::Compress::Gzip(3)



NAME
       IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC 1952 files/buffers

SYNOPSIS
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;

           my $status = gzip $input => $output [,OPTS]
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

           my $z = new IO::Compress::Gzip $output [,OPTS]
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

           $z->print($string);
           $z->printf($format, $string);
           $z->write($string);
           $z->syswrite($string [, $length, $offset]);
           $z->flush();
           $z->tell();
           $z->eof();
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           $z->binmode();
           $z->fileno();
           $z->opened();
           $z->autoflush();
           $z->input_line_number();
           $z->newStream( [OPTS] );

           $z->deflateParams();

           $z->close() ;

           $GzipError ;

           # IO::File mode

           print $z $string;
           printf $z $format, $string;
           tell $z
           eof $z
           seek $z, $position, $whence
           binmode $z
           fileno $z
           close $z ;

DESCRIPTION
       This module provides a Perl interface that allows writing compressed data to files or
       buffer as defined in RFC 1952.

       All the gzip headers defined in RFC 1952 can be created using this module.

       For reading RFC 1952 files/buffers, see the companion module IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.

Functional Interface
       A top-level function, "gzip", is provided to carry out "one-shot" compression between
       buffers and/or files. For finer control over the compression process, see the "OO Inter-
       face" section.

           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;

           gzip $input => $output [,OPTS]
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

       The functional interface needs Perl5.005 or better.

       gzip $input => $output [, OPTS]

       "gzip" expects at least two parameters, $input and $output.

       The $input parameter

       The parameter, $input, is used to define the source of the uncompressed data.

       It can take one of the following forms:

       A filename
            If the $input parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to be a filename. This file
            will be opened for reading and the input data will be read from it.

       A filehandle
            If the $input parameter is a filehandle, the input data will be read from it.  The
            string '-' can be used as an alias for standard input.

       A scalar reference
            If $input is a scalar reference, the input data will be read from $$input.

       An array reference
            If $input is an array reference, each element in the array must be a filename.

            The input data will be read from each file in turn.

            The complete array will be walked to ensure that it only contains valid filenames
            before any data is compressed.

       An Input FileGlob string
            If $input is a string that is delimited by the characters "<" and ">" "gzip" will
            assume that it is an input fileglob string. The input is the list of files that match
            the fileglob.

            If the fileglob does not match any files ...

            See File::GlobMapper for more details.

       If the $input parameter is any other type, "undef" will be returned.

       In addition, if $input is a simple filename, the default values for the "Name" and "Time"
       options will be sourced from that file.

       If you do not want to use these defaults they can be overridden by explicitly setting the
       "Name" and "Time" options or by setting the "Minimal" parameter.

       The $output parameter

       The parameter $output is used to control the destination of the compressed data. This
       parameter can take one of these forms.

       A filename
            If the $output parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to be a filename.  This
            file will be opened for writing and the compressed data will be written to it.

       A filehandle
            If the $output parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data will be written to it.
            The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard output.

       A scalar reference
            If $output is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be stored in $$output.

       An Array Reference
            If $output is an array reference, the compressed data will be pushed onto the array.

       An Output FileGlob
            If $output is a string that is delimited by the characters "<" and ">" "gzip" will
            assume that it is an output fileglob string. The output is the list of files that
            match the fileglob.

            When $output is an fileglob string, $input must also be a fileglob string. Anything
            else is an error.

       If the $output parameter is any other type, "undef" will be returned.

       Notes

       When $input maps to multiple files/buffers and $output is a single file/buffer the input
       files/buffers will be stored in $output as a concatenated series of compressed data
       streams.

       Optional Parameters

       Unless specified below, the optional parameters for "gzip", "OPTS", are the same as those
       used with the OO interface defined in the "Constructor Options" section below.

       "AutoClose => 0|1"
            This option applies to any input or output data streams to "gzip" that are filehan-
            dles.

            If "AutoClose" is specified, and the value is true, it will result in all input
            and/or output filehandles being closed once "gzip" has completed.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "BinModeIn => 0|1"
            When reading from a file or filehandle, set "binmode" before reading.

            Defaults to 0.

       "Append => 0|1"
            TODO

       Examples

       To read the contents of the file "file1.txt" and write the compressed data to the file
       "file1.txt.gz".

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;

           my $input = "file1.txt";
           gzip $input => "$input.gz"
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

       To read from an existing Perl filehandle, $input, and write the compressed data to a
       buffer, $buffer.

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           use IO::File ;

           my $input = new IO::File " \$buffer
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

       To compress all files in the directory "/my/home" that match "*.txt" and store the com-
       pressed data in the same directory

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;

           gzip '' => '<*.gz>'
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

       and if you want to compress each file one at a time, this will do the trick

           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;

           for my $input ( glob "/my/home/*.txt" )
           {
               my $output = "$input.gz" ;
               gzip $input => $output
                   or die "Error compressing '$input': $GzipError\n";
           }

OO Interface
       Constructor

       The format of the constructor for "IO::Compress::Gzip" is shown below

           my $z = new IO::Compress::Gzip $output [,OPTS]
               or die "IO::Compress::Gzip failed: $GzipError\n";

       It returns an "IO::Compress::Gzip" object on success and undef on failure.  The variable
       $GzipError will contain an error message on failure.

       If you are running Perl 5.005 or better the object, $z, returned from IO::Compress::Gzip
       can be used exactly like an IO::File filehandle.  This means that all normal output file
       operations can be carried out with $z.  For example, to write to a compressed file/buffer
       you can use either of these forms

           $z->print("hello world\n");
           print $z "hello world\n";

       The mandatory parameter $output is used to control the destination of the compressed data.
       This parameter can take one of these forms.

       A filename
            If the $output parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to be a filename. This
            file will be opened for writing and the compressed data will be written to it.

       A filehandle
            If the $output parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data will be written to it.
            The string '-' can be used as an alias for standard output.

       A scalar reference
            If $output is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be stored in $$output.

       If the $output parameter is any other type, "IO::Compress::Gzip"::new will return undef.

       Constructor Options

       "OPTS" is any combination of the following options:

       "AutoClose => 0|1"
            This option is only valid when the $output parameter is a filehandle. If specified,
            and the value is true, it will result in the $output being closed once either the
            "close" method is called or the "IO::Compress::Gzip" object is destroyed.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "Append => 0|1"
            Opens $output in append mode.

            The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of $output.

            * A Buffer
                 If $output is a buffer and "Append" is enabled, all compressed data will be
                 append to the end if $output. Otherwise $output will be cleared before any data
                 is written to it.

            * A Filename
                 If $output is a filename and "Append" is enabled, the file will be opened in
                 append mode. Otherwise the contents of the file, if any, will be truncated
                 before any compressed data is written to it.

            * A Filehandle
                 If $output is a filehandle, the file pointer will be positioned to the end of
                 the file via a call to "seek" before any compressed data is written to it.  Oth-
                 erwise the file pointer will not be moved.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "Merge => 0|1"
            This option is used to compress input data and append it to an existing compressed
            data stream in $output. The end result is a single compressed data stream stored in
            $output.

            It is a fatal error to attempt to use this option when $output is not an RFC 1952
            data stream.

            There are a number of other limitations with the "Merge" option:

            1    This module needs to have been built with zlib 1.2.1 or better to work. A fatal
                 error will be thrown if "Merge" is used with an older version of zlib.

            2    If $output is a file or a filehandle, it must be seekable.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       -Level
            Defines the compression level used by zlib. The value should either be a number
            between 0 and 9 (0 means no compression and 9 is maximum compression), or one of the
            symbolic constants defined below.

               Z_NO_COMPRESSION
               Z_BEST_SPEED
               Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
               Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION

            The default is Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.

            Note, these constants are not imported by "IO::Compress::Gzip" by default.

                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:strategy);
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:constants);
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:all);

       -Strategy
            Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. Use one of the symbolic constants
            defined below.

               Z_FILTERED
               Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
               Z_RLE
               Z_FIXED
               Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY

            The default is Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.

       "Minimal => 0|1"
            If specified, this option will force the creation of the smallest possible compliant
            gzip header (which is exactly 10 bytes long) as defined in RFC 1952.

            See the section titled "Compliance" in RFC 1952 for a definition of the values used
            for the fields in the gzip header.

            All other parameters that control the content of the gzip header will be ignored if
            this parameter is set to 1.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "Comment => $comment"
            Stores the contents of $comment in the COMMENT field in the gzip header.  By default,
            no comment field is written to the gzip file.

            If the "-Strict" option is enabled, the comment can only consist of ISO 8859-1 char-
            acters plus line feed.

            If the "-Strict" option is disabled, the comment field can contain any character
            except NULL. If any null characters are present, the field will be truncated at the
            first NULL.

       "Name => $string"
            Stores the contents of $string in the gzip NAME header field. If "Name" is not speci-
            fied, no gzip NAME field will be created.

            If the "-Strict" option is enabled, $string can only consist of ISO 8859-1 charac-
            ters.

            If "-Strict" is disabled, then $string can contain any character except NULL. If any
            null characters are present, the field will be truncated at the first NULL.

       "Time => $number"
            Sets the MTIME field in the gzip header to $number.

            This field defaults to the time the "IO::Compress::Gzip" object was created if this
            option is not specified.

       "TextFlag => 0|1"
            This parameter controls the setting of the FLG.FTEXT bit in the gzip header. It is
            used to signal that the data stored in the gzip file/buffer is probably text.

            The default is 0.

       "HeaderCRC => 0|1"
            When true this parameter will set the FLG.FHCRC bit to 1 in the gzip header and set
            the CRC16 header field to the CRC of the complete gzip header except the CRC16 field
            itself.

            Note that gzip files created with the "HeaderCRC" flag set to 1 cannot be read by
            most, if not all, of the the standard gunzip utilities, most notably gzip version
            1.2.4. You should therefore avoid using this option if you want to maximize the
            portability of your gzip files.

            This parameter defaults to 0.

       "OS_Code => $value"
            Stores $value in the gzip OS header field. A number between 0 and 255 is valid.

            If not specified, this parameter defaults to the OS code of the Operating System this
            module was built on. The value 3 is used as a catch-all for all Unix variants and
            unknown Operating Systems.

       "ExtraField => $data"
            This parameter allows additional metadata to be stored in the ExtraField in the gzip
            header. An RFC 1952 compliant ExtraField consists of zero or more subfields. Each
            subfield consists of a two byte header followed by the subfield data.

            The list of subfields can be supplied in any of the following formats

                -ExtraField => [$id1, $data1,
                                $id2, $data2,
                                 ...
                               ]
                -ExtraField => [ [$id1 => $data1],
                                 [$id2 => $data2],
                                 ...
                               ]
                -ExtraField => { $id1 => $data1,
                                 $id2 => $data2,
                                 ...
                               }

            Where $id1, $id2 are two byte subfield ID's. The second byte of the ID cannot be 0,
            unless the "Strict" option has been disabled.

            If you use the hash syntax, you have no control over the order in which the ExtraSub-
            Fields are stored, plus you cannot have SubFields with duplicate ID.

            Alternatively the list of subfields can by supplied as a scalar, thus

                -ExtraField => $rawdata

            If you use the raw format, and the "Strict" option is enabled, "IO::Compress::Gzip"
            will check that $rawdata consists of zero or more conformant sub-fields. When
            "Strict" is disabled, $rawdata can consist of any arbitrary byte stream.

            The maximum size of the Extra Field 65535 bytes.

       "ExtraFlags => $value"
            Sets the XFL byte in the gzip header to $value.

            If this option is not present, the value stored in XFL field will be determined by
            the setting of the "Level" option.

            If "Level => Z_BEST_SPEED" has been specified then XFL is set to 2.  If "Level =>
            Z_BEST_COMPRESSION" has been specified then XFL is set to 4.  Otherwise XFL is set to
            0.

       "Strict => 0|1"
            "Strict" will optionally police the values supplied with other options to ensure they
            are compliant with RFC1952.

            This option is enabled by default.

            If "Strict" is enabled the following behaviour will be policed:

            *    The value supplied with the "Name" option can only contain ISO 8859-1 charac-
                 ters.

            *    The value supplied with the "Comment" option can only contain ISO 8859-1 charac-
                 ters plus line-feed.

            *    The values supplied with the "-Name" and "-Comment" options cannot contain mul-
                 tiple embedded nulls.

            *    If an "ExtraField" option is specified and it is a simple scalar, it must con-
                 form to the sub-field structure as defined in RFC 1952.

            *    If an "ExtraField" option is specified the second byte of the ID will be checked
                 in each subfield to ensure that it does not contain the reserved value 0x00.

            When "Strict" is disabled the following behaviour will be policed:

            *    The value supplied with "-Name" option can contain any character except NULL.

            *    The value supplied with "-Comment" option can contain any character except NULL.

            *    The values supplied with the "-Name" and "-Comment" options can contain multiple
                 embedded nulls. The string written to the gzip header will consist of the char-
                 acters up to, but not including, the first embedded NULL.

            *    If an "ExtraField" option is specified and it is a simple scalar, the structure
                 will not be checked. The only error is if the length is too big.

            *    The ID header in an "ExtraField" sub-field can consist of any two bytes.

       Examples

       TODO

Methods
       print

       Usage is

           $z->print($data)
           print $z $data

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter. This has the same behaviour as
       the "print" built-in.

       Returns true if successful.

       printf

       Usage is

           $z->printf($format, $data)
           printf $z $format, $data

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns true if successful.

       syswrite

       Usage is

           $z->syswrite $data
           $z->syswrite $data, $length
           $z->syswrite $data, $length, $offset

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if unsuccessful.

       write

       Usage is

           $z->write $data
           $z->write $data, $length
           $z->write $data, $length, $offset

       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.

       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if unsuccessful.

       flush

       Usage is

           $z->flush;
           $z->flush($flush_type);

       Flushes any pending compressed data to the output file/buffer.

       This method takes an optional parameter, $flush_type, that controls how the flushing will
       be carried out. By default the $flush_type used is "Z_FINISH". Other valid values for
       $flush_type are "Z_NO_FLUSH", "Z_SYNC_FLUSH", "Z_FULL_FLUSH" and "Z_BLOCK". It is strongly
       recommended that you only set the "flush_type" parameter if you fully understand the
       implications of what it does - overuse of "flush" can seriously degrade the level of com-
       pression achieved. See the "zlib" documentation for details.

       Returns true on success.

       tell

       Usage is

           $z->tell()
           tell $z

       Returns the uncompressed file offset.

       eof

       Usage is

           $z->eof();
           eof($z);

       Returns true if the "close" method has been called.

       seek

           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           seek($z, $position, $whence);

       Provides a sub-set of the "seek" functionality, with the restriction that it is only legal
       to seek forward in the output file/buffer.  It is a fatal error to attempt to seek back-
       ward.

       Empty parts of the file/buffer will have NULL (0x00) bytes written to them.

       The $whence parameter takes one the usual values, namely SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR or SEEK_END.

       Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.

       binmode

       Usage is

           $z->binmode
           binmode $z ;

       This is a noop provided for completeness.

       opened

           $z->opened()

       Returns true if the object currently refers to a opened file/buffer.

       autoflush

           my $prev = $z->autoflush()
           my $prev = $z->autoflush(EXPR)

       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, this method returns the cur-
       rent autoflush setting for the underlying filehandle. If "EXPR" is present, and is
       non-zero, it will enable flushing after every write/print operation.

       If $z is associated with a buffer, this method has no effect and always returns "undef".

       Note that the special variable $| cannot be used to set or retrieve the autoflush setting.

       input_line_number

           $z->input_line_number()
           $z->input_line_number(EXPR)

       This method always returns "undef" when compressing.

       fileno

           $z->fileno()
           fileno($z)

       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, "fileno" will return the
       underlying file descriptor. Once the "close" method is called "fileno" will return
       "undef".

       If the $z object is is associated with a buffer, this method will return "undef".

       close

           $z->close() ;
           close $z ;

       Flushes any pending compressed data and then closes the output file/buffer.

       For most versions of Perl this method will be automatically invoked if the IO::Com-
       press::Gzip object is destroyed (either explicitly or by the variable with the reference
       to the object going out of scope). The exceptions are Perl versions 5.005 through 5.00504
       and 5.8.0. In these cases, the "close" method will be called automatically, but not until
       global destruction of all live objects when the program is terminating.

       Therefore, if you want your scripts to be able to run on all versions of Perl, you should
       call "close" explicitly and not rely on automatic closing.

       Returns true on success, otherwise 0.

       If the "AutoClose" option has been enabled when the IO::Compress::Gzip object was created,
       and the object is associated with a file, the underlying file will also be closed.

       newStream([OPTS])

       Usage is

           $z->newStream( [OPTS] )

       Closes the current compressed data stream and starts a new one.

       OPTS consists of any of the the options that are available when creating the $z object.

       See the "Constructor Options" section for more details.

       deflateParams

       Usage is

           $z->deflateParams

       TODO

Importing
       A number of symbolic constants are required by some methods in "IO::Compress::Gzip". None
       are imported by default.

       :all Imports "gzip", $GzipError and all symbolic constants that can be used by "IO::Com-
            press::Gzip". Same as doing this

                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError :constants) ;

       :constants
            Import all symbolic constants. Same as doing this

                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:flush :level :strategy) ;

       :flush
            These symbolic constants are used by the "flush" method.

                Z_NO_FLUSH
                Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH
                Z_SYNC_FLUSH
                Z_FULL_FLUSH
                Z_FINISH
                Z_BLOCK

       :level
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Level" option in the constructor.

                Z_NO_COMPRESSION
                Z_BEST_SPEED
                Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
                Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION

       :strategy
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Strategy" option in the constructor.

                Z_FILTERED
                Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
                Z_RLE
                Z_FIXED
                Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY

EXAMPLES
       Apache::GZip Revisited

       See IO::Compress::FAQ

       Working with Net::FTP

       See IO::Compress::FAQ

SEE ALSO
       Compress::Zlib, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Compress::Deflate, IO::Uncompress::Inflate,
       IO::Compress::RawDeflate, IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Compress::Bzip2, IO::Uncom-
       press::Bunzip2, IO::Compress::Lzop, IO::Uncompress::UnLzop, IO::Compress::Lzf, IO::Uncom-
       press::UnLzf, IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress

       Compress::Zlib::FAQ

       File::GlobMapper, Archive::Zip, Archive::Tar, IO::Zlib

       For RFC 1950, 1951 and 1952 see http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1950.html,
       http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1951.html and http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1952.html

       The zlib compression library was written by Jean-loup Gailly  and Mark
       Adler .

       The primary site for the zlib compression library is http://www.zlib.org.

       The primary site for gzip is http://www.gzip.org.

AUTHOR
       This module was written by Paul Marquess, .

MODIFICATION HISTORY
       See the Changes file.

COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       Copyright (c) 2005-2009 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.

       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.



perl v5.8.8                                 2009-03-28                      IO::Compress::Gzip(3)